Philanthropy

Epictetus Epictetus- Eminent Stoic philosopher, born as a slave at Hieropolis in Phyrgia in 55 CE. Empedocles Empedocles- 5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism. Evolution Evolution- Introduces evolution through the ages, from the ancient Greeks, through Leibniz and Descartes to Darwin and Spencer. Diogenes Laertius Diogenes Laertius- 3rd century biographer of ancient Greek philosophers. Diderot, Denis Diderot, Denis- The most prominent of the French Encyclopedists and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment. Dewey, John Dewey, John- Leading light of the 20th century American school of thought known as pragmatism. Demonax Demonax- Philosopher of the second century CE. who tried to revive the philosophy of the Cynic School. Cleanthes Cleanthes- Stoic philosopher of Assus in Lydia, disciple of Zeno of Citium. Cumberland, Richard Cumberland, Richard- 17th century critic of Hobbes and the neo-Platonists. Berkeley, George Berkeley, George- Influential 18th century Irish philosopher. Bolingbroke, Henry St. John Bolingbroke, Henry St. John- 18th century Tory disciple of Locke. Chrysippus Chrysippus- Prolific stoic of Soli, and disciple of Cleanthes. Butler, Joseph Butler, Joseph- 18th century icon of a highly intellectualized theology. Bentham, Jeremy Bentham, Jeremy- Extensive article on the 18th century 'founder' of utilitarianism. Behaviorism Behaviorism- Theory in philosophy of mind which maintains that talk of mental events should be translated into talk about observable behavior. Augustine Augustine- Extensive article on the life and work of the 4th century ecclesiastical author. Aquinas, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas- The life and work of the major figure in scholastic philosophy. Animals and Ethics Animals and Ethics- Consideration of moral status of non-human animals. Academy Academy- Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations. Hempel, Carl Gustav Hempel, Carl Gustav- A leading member of logical positivism, the German philosopher died in 1997. Bacon, Francis Bacon, Francis- 16th century philosopher and politician. Pythagoras Pythagoras- The 6th century BCE philosopher. Plotinus Plotinus- 3rd century CE founder of Neo-Platonism. Poincaré, Jules Henri Poincaré, Jules Henri- 19th century French philosopher of science. Paley, William Paley, William- 18th century British theologian. Protagoras Protagoras- Early Greek sophist. Prodicus Prodicus- 5th century BCE sophist, possibly a mentor of Socrates Damon Damon- 5th century BCE Pythagorean philosopher of Syracuse. Diogenes of Sinope Diogenes of Sinope- 4th cn. BCE cynic philosopher of Sinope. Locke, John Locke, John- Article on the life and work of the influential philosopher. Lucretius Lucretius- Roman poet and advocate of Epicurean philosophy. Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy- The philosophical currents of Ancient Greek philosophy are introduced, from the Presocratic philosophers through to Proclus. Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach, Hans- Leading German philosopher of science, and logical positivist. Stephen, Leslie Stephen, Leslie- 19th century British academic. Spinoza, Benedict Spinoza, Benedict- 17th century pantheist, critic of Descartes. Carnap, Rudolf Carnap, Rudolf- Extensive article about his life and work, by Mauro Murzi. Rousseau, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean Jacques- 18th century French author of the Social Contract, influential during the French Revolution. Mill, John Stuart Mill, John Stuart- 19th leader and prophet of utilitarianism, heir to the Hume-Bentham line, and influential force in modern political theory. Author of On Liberty (1859), and Uti… Helvetius, Claude Adrien Helvetius, Claude Adrien- One of the 18th century Encyclopedists who held the skeptical and materialistic views common to that school of philosophy. Hamilton, William Hamilton, William- 19th century exponent of the Scottish common-sense philosophy. Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von- 19th century German philosopher who attempted to combine the idea of Hegel with the will of Schopenhauer in 'spiritual monism.' Gorgias Gorgias- Greek sophist and rhetorician, known as "the Nihilist," born in 483 BCE. Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottlieb- One of the major figures in German philosophy in the period between Kant and Hegel. Ferrier, James Frederick Ferrier, James Frederick- The earliest absolute idealist in English philosophy. Herbert of Cherbury, Edward Herbert of Cherbury, Edward- 17th century historian, poet (brother of George), and philosopher. Sought to determine the nature and standard of truth, and conditions of knowledge. … Anaxagoras Anaxagoras- Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matte… Aristippus Aristippus- Description of the life and teachings of the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy. Antisthenes Antisthenes- Athenian philosopher and founder of the Cynic sect who was born around 440 BCE. Anaximander Anaximander- Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body. Anaxarchus Anaxarchus- 4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus.