Biology

Cycadophyta Cycadophyta- Fossil history. PACSOA - Cycads PACSOA - Cycads- Includes many articles, detailed species accounts, and images. From the Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia (PACSOA). Introduction to the Cycads Introduction to the Cycads- An excellent place to begin learning about the Cycads The Cycad Pages The Cycad Pages- Extensive botanical database on the known cycads, including identification and classification, ecology and conservation, cycad evolution and the fossil record, ge… Euforgen Euforgen- European network promoting conservation of genetic diversity among conifers to ensure evolutionary adaptability under changing climatic conditions. Gymnosperm Database Gymnosperm Database- Basic information (sometimes only a name) for all species and higher-ranked taxa of the gymnosperms, including conifers, cycads, and their allies. Includes ma… Arboretum de Villardebelle Arboretum de Villardebelle- Includes photographs and information on conifers from around the world, gymnosperm taxonomy, and scientific articles. Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts in Wales Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts in Wales- Produced by a member of the Countryside Council for Wales, this site gives an overview of what bryophytes are, the habitats where they c… Andrew's Moss Site Andrew's Moss Site- Photographs of mosses and a key to identifying the mosses and liverworts of northwest Europe. Bryophytes Bryophytes- Bryology at The Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Bryophyte Classification Bryophyte Classification- Provides diagrams showing the relationships between the major lineages of green algae and land plants. Bryophytes Bryophytes- Information about bryophytes, their importance, how to identify them and checklists for Hong Kong. Bryophyte Index Bryophyte Index- Images of bryophytes and their characteristics. Bryophyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bryophyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia- The bryophytes are those land plants that have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems but lack vascular tissue that circulates liq… Mosses and Liverworts, Simple Plants? Mosses and Liverworts, Simple Plants?- Article by Jan Parmentier on these plants and their reproductive structures, with photomicrographs. List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature- Alphabetically and chronologically arranged lists of taxa, with additional information on bacterial taxonomy. A theory of the lifecycle of bacteria A theory of the lifecycle of bacteria- Paper by Y Heyman who investigated the viability kinetics of activated sludge, the death rate of viable cells and the hydrolysis rate of dea… Eubacteria Eubacteria- The Tree of Life web project provides a classification of the true bacteria. Bactibase Bactibase- Provides a data repository of bacteriocin natural antimicrobial peptides, developed by PFBA in Tunisia in collaboration with INAF, Laval University, Canada. Taxonomy Browser (Eubacteria) Taxonomy Browser (Eubacteria)- Shows the relationships among the recognized groups, and samples yet to be named or classified. Bacteria Bacteria- Information from Wikipedia on these unicellular organisms. An Overview of Bacteria. An Overview of Bacteria.- Article by Matt Emery provides an introduction to these microbes with several images of stained cultures. Bacteria Bacteria- Article by Wim van Egmond on these microbes with photographs of Cyanobacteria and the green Anabaena. Bacterial Pictures Bacterial Pictures- Provides images of the causative agents of Anthrax, Yersinia and several generalised bacterial cells including the walls of gram positive and gram negative cel… Bacterial Nomenclature Bacterial Nomenclature- A place to find out the most current name for a bacterium. Introduction to the Bacteria Introduction to the Bacteria- Topics include morphology, systematics, life history and ecology, and the fossil record. Archaea Archaea- Open access journal devoted to original research on the Archaea. Author guide, publication schedule, and text of older articles. Procaryotic Life Procaryotic Life- Online textbook chapter from the University of Wisconsin, discussing the origin of life and touching on some of the molecular characteristics that separate the d… Taxonomy Browser (Archaea) Taxonomy Browser (Archaea)- Shows the relationships among the recognized groups, and samples yet to be named or classified. Genome News Network: New Amino acid Discovered in Methanosarcina barkeri Genome News Network: New Amino acid Discovered in Methanosarcina barkeri- Reports on the discovery of a new amino acid, pyrrolysine, coded by UAG (normally a stop codon) in this m… BBC News: Toughest Bug Reveals Genetic Secrets BBC News: Toughest Bug Reveals Genetic Secrets- Reports the decoding of the Pyrococcus abyssi, which lives in the intense pressure and temperature of black smoker vents on the sea… Wikispecies: Archaea Wikispecies: Archaea- Taxonomy browser, with some links. German Jurgens: Molecular phylogeny of Archaea in boreal forest soil, freshwater and temperate estuarine sediment German Jurgens: Molecular phylogeny of Archaea in boreal forest soil, freshwater and temperate estuarine sediment- Academic thesis on the unexpected organisms discovered by riboso… Distribution of Archaea in a Black Smoker Chimney Structure Distribution of Archaea in a Black Smoker Chimney Structure- Analysis of different communities in varied microhabitats of a deep-sea vent. Journal article from Applied and Environ… The Archaea The Archaea- General introduction, mentioning most known genera and species of Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Includes some technical details such as toxin sensitivities. Open Questions: Archaea and Extremophiles Open Questions: Archaea and Extremophiles- Annotated list of recommended sources. Archaea Archaea- Introduction to this life form, written at three different levels of complexity for use by educators and students. Horikoshi Superbugs Horikoshi Superbugs- Summary of interesting organisms discovered during a search for extremophiles, including a picture of the triangular halophile Haloarcula japonicus. Archaea (Archaebacteria) Archaea (Archaebacteria)- Taxonomy, description, and extensive references, with particular emphasis on the Crenarchaeota (classified here as a Kingdom.) Introduction to the Archaea Introduction to the Archaea- Covers their main groupings, chemical differences from other life forms, fossil record, and the structure of their cell walls. Choanephora cucurbitarum Choanephora cucurbitarum- Photograph of a squash infected by this pathogen. Black Bread Mold Black Bread Mold- Information from Wikipedia on Rhizopus stolonifer which is widely distributed and is to be found growing on aged bread and soft fruits. Zygomycota Zygomycota- Information from Wikipedia on this phylum of fungi the members of which are molds living on soil or decaying plant or animal material. The Role of Fungi in the Production of Chocolate The Role of Fungi in the Production of Chocolate- Tom Volk explains how Acaulospora scrobiculata forms a mycorrhizal relationship with the cacao tree, and other fungi help ferment… Gametangia of Amoebophilus simplex Gametangia of Amoebophilus simplex- Photomicrograph of the reproductive structures of this species. Spinellus fusiger Spinellus fusiger- Several photographs of this pin mould infecting other fungal fruiting bodies. Zygomycota: Microscopic Pin or Sugar Molds Zygomycota: Microscopic Pin or Sugar Molds- Information from the Tree of Life Web Project on these molds, including their characteristics and phylogenetic relationships and a glos… Zygomycota - Conjugating Fungi Zygomycota - Conjugating Fungi- Illustrated outline of the classification of the Zygomycota, with 26 pictures and explanatory text. Rumen Microbes Rumen Microbes- Animation showing the life cycle of fungi of the genus Neocallimastix in the rumen of a goat. The Life Cycle and Growth Kinetics of a Rumen Fungus The Life Cycle and Growth Kinetics of a Rumen Fungus- Paper on this subject studying an anaerobic fungus of the genus Neocallimastix.