Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Natural Law Natural Law- Standards that govern human behavior objectively derived from the nature of human beings. Lotze, Rudolf Hermann Lotze, Rudolf Hermann- 19th century German philosopher who criticised the pantheism of Hegel. Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ludwig- Detailed essay on the life and work of the 20th century philosopher. Leucippus Leucippus- 5th century BCE founder of atomism. Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich- 18th century German philosopher, famous for effective criticism of Kant. Theophrastus Theophrastus- Philosopher of the Peripatetic school, successor to Aristotle at the Lyceum. Warburton, William Warburton, William- 18th century Church of England bishop, and critic of the Deists. Ockham, William of Ockham, William of- Detailed biography of the 14th century Franciscan. Timon Timon- 3rd century BCE disciple of Pyrrho. Thales Thales- Detailed biographical essay on the Ancient Greek philosopher. Stirling, James Hutchison Stirling, James Hutchison- 19th century British Idealist, Hegelian academic. Stilpo Stilpo- 4th century BCE member of the Megarean school. Renaissance Renaissance- Brief article on the transition between Middle Ages and modernity. Vienna Circle Vienna Circle- Organised the development of logical positivism in the 1920s. Included Carnap, Feigl, Frank, Gödel, Hahn, Kraft, Neurath, Waismann. Popper and Wittgenstein also had… Rights, Human Rights, Human- A treatment of the origins and development of the theory of human rights, with philosophical analysis, justifications, and criticisms. Truth Truth- Philosophical theories on the nature of truth, by Bradley Dowden and Norman Swartz. Russell's Paradox Russell's Paradox- Examines self-referential linguistics used to describe properties and sets. Voluntarism Voluntarism- Theory that God or the ultimate nature of reality is conceived as some form of will. Synderesis Synderesis- Scholastic philosophy describes this as the principle in moral consciousness which directs an agent to good. Symposium Symposium- Drinking-parties in Ancient Greece where the guests reclined on couches, and were crowned with garlands of flowers. Stoicism Stoicism- Description of the system of ethics, popular in Ancient Greece, which has physics as its foundation. Sophists Sophists- Teachers of philosophy in Ancient Greece, including Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus and Hippias. Solovyov, Vladimir Solovyov, Vladimir- 19th century Russian philosopher. Skepticism, Contemporary Skepticism, Contemporary- Introduction to the current discussion of skepticism. Skepticism, Ancient Greek Skepticism, Ancient Greek- A description of skepticism in Ancient Greece, led by Pyrrho. Shaftesbury, Earl of Shaftesbury, Earl of- Patron of John Locke Roman Philosophy Roman Philosophy- Short introduction to Roman philosophy from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Pyrrho Pyrrho- 4th century BCE founder of the Greek school of skepticism. Peripatetics Peripatetics- Brief history of the Peripatetic doctrines. Solipsism Solipsism- The doctrine of the solipsist is that existence means my existence and that of my mental states.