Experiment and Observation

Wheeler, John Archibald (1911-) Wheeler, John Archibald (1911-)- Wikipedia article about the American physicist who was the driving force of the general relativity revival in the US in the 1950s and, among other… Thorne, Kip (1940-) Thorne, Kip (1940-)- Wikipedia article about the American theoretical physicist, who has made significant contributions to the physics of gravitational waves and black holes. Shapiro, Irwin I. Shapiro, Irwin I.- Wikipedia article about the American astrophysicist, one of the pioneers of solar-system tests of general relativity (Shapiro effect, deflection of light by gra… Poincaré, Henri (1854-1912) Poincaré, Henri (1854-1912)- Biographical sketch of the French physicist who developed many of the concepts of special relativity before Einstein's publication; from the MacTutor … Penrose, Roger (1931-) Penrose, Roger (1931-)- Biographical sketch of the British mathematician and physicist who developed the methods of global geometry, proved the first singularity theorem, invented… Nordström, Gunnar (1881-1923) Nordström, Gunnar (1881-1923)- Wikipedia article about the Finnish physicist, who developed a relativistic theory of gravity that was an early competitor of general relativity, an… Milne, Arthur (1896-1950) Milne, Arthur (1896-1950)- Biography of the British mathematician and astrophysicist who developed a kinematic model of cosmology based on special relativity; from the MacTutor Hi… Klein, Oskar (1894-1977) Klein, Oskar (1894-1977)- Biographical sketch of the Swedish chemist and physicist who was the first to introduce compactified ("rolled-up") dimensions into higher-dimensional ver… Kerr, Roy P. (1934-) Kerr, Roy P. (1934-)- Wikipedia article about the mathematician from New Zealand who found the first solutions of Einstein's equations to describe rotating black holes. Kaluza, Theodor (1885-1954) Kaluza, Theodor (1885-1954)- Biography of the German mathematician who was the first to introduce a higher-dimensional version of general relativity in an attempt to unify gravity… Israel, Werner (1931-) Israel, Werner (1931-)- Wikipedia article about the Canadian physicist, one of the pioneers of research on black holes (uniqueness theorems). Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001) Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001)- Biographical sketch of the physicist who contributed both to the steady-state models of cosmology and to calculations of the creation of light elements in… Hilbert, David (1862-1943) Hilbert, David (1862-1943)- Biographical sketch of the German mathematician who wrote down the first action principle for Einstein's general theory of relativity; from the MacTuto… Freundlich, Erwin (1885-1964) Freundlich, Erwin (1885-1964)- Biographical sketch of the German astronomer who worked with Einstein on the question of how to test the predictions of general relativity using ast… FitzGerald, George (1851-1901) FitzGerald, George (1851-1901)- Biographical sketch of the physicist who postulated relativistic length contraction before the publication of Einstein's special relativity; from t… Eddington, Arthur (1882-1944) Eddington, Arthur (1882-1944)- Biographical sketch of the English astrophysicist who performed the first observational test of the gravitational bending of light near the Sun; fro… Dicke, Robert H. (1916-1997) Dicke, Robert H. (1916-1997)- Wikipedia article about the American physicist who was involved in a number of observational tests of general relativity and who developed a generali… Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910-1995) Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910-1995)- Biographical sketch of the Indian astrophysicist who was the first to model stellar stability using both relativity and quantum theory; fr… Carter, Brandon (1942-) Carter, Brandon (1942-)- Wikipedia article about the Australian physicist, one of the pioneers of black hole mechanics. Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916) Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916)- Biography of the German astronomer who was the first to find a non-trivial solution to Einstein's field equations (which we now know describes a b… Grossmann, Marcel (1878-1936) Grossmann, Marcel (1878-1936)- A brief biography the mathematician who, as his fellow student and friend, helped Einstein to understand the mathematical tools (mostly differential… Weyl, Hermann (1885-1955) Weyl, Hermann (1885-1955)- Brief biography of the German mathematician who made pioneering contribution to group theory and the concept of symmetry, and was one of the first to fo… Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909) Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)- Biographical sketch of the mathematician who was the first to develop the concept of spacetime as the geometric essence of special relativity (and … Lorentz, Hendrik (1853-1928) Lorentz, Hendrik (1853-1928)- Brief biography of the Dutch physicist who, before Einstein developed his special theory of relativity, developed much of that theory's formalism (Lo… Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853-1925) Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853-1925)- Brief biographical sketch of the mathematician who developed important mathematical tools (tensor calculus) that later would be used for for… Riemann, Bernhard (1826-1866) Riemann, Bernhard (1826-1866)- Brief biography of the mathematician who, before Einstein's birth, developed the geometrical tools that allowed Einstein and Großmann to formulate g… Friedmann, Aleksandr (1888-1925) Friedmann, Aleksandr (1888-1925)- Brief biography of the Russian mathematician who found the first expanding-universe cosmological solution of Einstein's equations; from the MacTu… De Sitter, Willem (1872-1934) De Sitter, Willem (1872-1934)- Brief biography of the Dutch astronomer who was one of the first to think about the theory's cosmological applications (de Sitter space); from the M… Bondi, Hermann (1919-2005) Bondi, Hermann (1919-2005)- Biography of the Austrian-born, British cosmologist whose name is associated with steady-state cosmology, Tolman-Bondi solutions, accretion onto black …