Religion and Spirituality

Injustice Injustice- The violation of another's strict right against his reasonable will, and the value of the word right is determined to be the moral power of having or doing or exacting … Inquisition, Canonical Inquisition, Canonical- Either extra-judicial or judicial: the former might be likened to a coroner's inquest in civil law; while the latter is similar to an investigation by the … Ingolstadt, University of Ingolstadt, University of- Founded by Louis the Rich, Duke of Bavaria. Insanity Insanity- The dividing line between sanity and insanity, like the line that distinguishes a man of average height from a tall man, can be described only in terms of a moral estima… Imbonati, Carlo Giuseppe Imbonati, Carlo Giuseppe- Cistercian of the Reform of St. Bernard, orientalist, biographer, theologian; born at Milan; flourished in the latter half of the seventeenth century. Ionian School of Philosophy Ionian School of Philosophy- Includes the earliest Greek philosophers, who lived at Miletus, an Ionian colony in Asia Minor, during the sixth century B.C., and a group of philosop… Infinity Infinity- The infinite, as the word indicates, is that which has no end, no limit, no boundary, and therefore cannot be measured by a finite standard, however often applied; it is… Inventory of Church Property Inventory of Church Property- An inventory is to be made at the beginning of a given administration; when the period of management has expired, the out-going official must produce… Indulgences, Apostolic Indulgences, Apostolic- Those which the Roman pontiff, the successor of the Prince of the Apostles, attaches to the crosses, crucifixes, chaplets, rosaries, images, and medals whi… Irish Confessors and Martyrs Irish Confessors and Martyrs- The period covered by this article embraces that between the years 1540 and (approximately) 1713. Ingworth, Richard of Ingworth, Richard of- A Franciscan preacher who flourished about 1225. Innocent VIII, Pope Innocent VIII, Pope- Reigned 1484-1492. Inscriptions, Early Christian Inscriptions, Early Christian- Divided into three main classes: sepulchral inscriptions, epigraphic records, and inscriptions concerning private life. Innocent IX, Pope Innocent IX, Pope- Reigned 1591. Ingen-Housz, Jan Ingen-Housz, Jan- Investigator of the physiology of plants, physicist, and physician. (1730-1799) Innocent VI, Pope Innocent VI, Pope- Reigned 1352-1362. Institute of Mary Institute of Mary- The official title of the second congregation founded by Mary Ward. Illuminati Illuminati- False Spanish mystics. Inghirami, Giovanni Inghirami, Giovanni- Italian astronomer, b. at Volterra, Tuscany, 16 April, 1779; d. at Florence, 15 August, 1851. Innocent III, Pope Innocent III, Pope- Reigned 1198-1216. Innocent IV, Pope Innocent IV, Pope- Reigned 1243-1254. Incardination and Excardination Incardination and Excardination- In the ecclesiastical sense the words are used to denote that a given person is freed from the jurisdiction of one bishop and is transferred to th… Innocent II, Pope Innocent II, Pope- Reigned 1130-1143. Infessura, Stefano Infessura, Stefano- Lawyer and antipapal chronicler. (1435-1500) Indians, American Indians, American- History, customs, and language are covered here. Indies, Patriarchate of the East Indies, Patriarchate of the East- In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886. Induction Induction- Induction is the conscious mental process by which we pass from the perception of particular phenomena (things and events) to the knowledge of general truths. Infamy Infamy- Loss of a good name. Italians in the United States Italians in the United States- Information on distribution, statistics, and religion. Immaculate Conception, Congregation of the Immaculate Conception, Congregation of the- Article covers several groups of this name. Individual, Individuality Individual, Individuality- An individual being is defined by St. Thomas as "quod est in se indivisum, ab aliis vero divisum" (a being undivided in itself but separated from other … Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Irish Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Irish- Founded by Frances Mary Teresa Ball, under the direction and episcopal jurisdiction of the Most Rev. D. Murray, Archbishop of Dublin. Inchbald, Elizabeth Inchbald, Elizabeth- Novelist, dramatist, and actress; b. at Staningfield, near Bury St. Edmunds, 15 Oct., 1753; d. at Kensington, London, 1 Aug., 1821. Incarnation, The Incarnation, The- The Incarnation is the mystery and the dogma of the Word made Flesh. Infidels Infidels- As in ecclesiastical language those who by baptism have received faith in Jesus Christ and have pledged Him their fidelity and called the faithful, so the name infidel i… Invitatorium Invitatorium- The invitation addressed to the faithful to come and take part in the Divine Office. In Petto In Petto- An Italian translation of the Latin in pectore, "in the breast", i.e. in the secret of the heart. Indult, Pontifical Indult, Pontifical- General faculties granted by the Holy See to bishops and others, of doing something not permitted by the common law. Indulgences Indulgences- A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin, the guilt of which has been forgiven. Incest Incest- Sexual intercourse between those who are related by blood or marriage. Individualism Individualism- The tendency to magnify individual liberty, as against external authority, and individual activity, as against associated activity. Intendencia Oriental y Llanos de San Martín Intendencia Oriental y Llanos de San Martín- Vicariate Apostolic in the province of Saint Martin, Colombia, South America, created 24 March, 1908, and entrusted to the Society of … Imhof, Maximus von Imhof, Maximus von- German physicist, born 26 July, 1758, at Rissbach, in Bavaria; died 11 April, 1817 at Munich. In Partibus Infidelium In Partibus Infidelium- A term meaning "in the lands of the unbelievers," words added to the name of the see conferred on non-residential or titular Latin bishops. Immortality Immortality- By immortality is ordinarily understood the doctrine that the human soul will survive death, continuing in the possession of an endless conscious existence. Ignorance Ignorance- Lack of knowledge about a thing in a being capable of knowing. Improperia Improperia- The reproaches which in the liturgy of the Office of Good Friday the Saviour is made to utter against the Jews, who, in requital for all the Divine favours and particu… Indifferentism, Religious Indifferentism, Religious- The term given, in general, to all those theories, which, for one reason or another, deny that it is the duty of man to worship God by believing and pra… Islip, Simon Islip, Simon- An Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Islip, near Oxford; d. at Mayfield, Sussex, 26 April, 1366. Index of Prohibited Books Index of Prohibited Books- The exact list or catalogue of books, the reading of which was once forbidden to Catholics by the highest ecclesiastical authority.