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Shpet, Gustav Shpet, Gustav
Shpet, Gustav- Leading proponent of Russian transcendental phenomenology. ...
Anaximander Anaximander
Anaximander- Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body. ...
Anaxagoras Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras- Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form. ...
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward Herbert of Cherbury, Edward
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward- 17th century historian, poet (brother of George), and philosopher. Sought to determine the nature and standard of truth, and conditions of knowledge. Precursor of the philosophy of Common Sen ...
Ferrier, James Frederick Ferrier, James Frederick
Ferrier, James Frederick- The earliest absolute idealist in English philosophy. ...
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb- One of the major figures in German philosophy in the period between Kant and Hegel. ...
Gorgias Gorgias
Gorgias- Greek sophist and rhetorician, known as "the Nihilist," born in 483 BCE. ...
Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von
Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard Von- 19th century German philosopher who attempted to combine the idea of Hegel with the will of Schopenhauer in 'spiritual monism.' ...
Hamilton, William Hamilton, William
Hamilton, William- 19th century exponent of the Scottish common-sense philosophy. ...
Helvetius, Claude Adrien Helvetius, Claude Adrien
Helvetius, Claude Adrien- One of the 18th century Encyclopedists who held the skeptical and materialistic views common to that school of philosophy. ...
Mill, John Stuart Mill, John Stuart
Mill, John Stuart- 19th leader and prophet of utilitarianism, heir to the Hume-Bentham line, and influential force in modern political theory. Author of On Liberty (1859), and Utilitarianism (1863). ...
Rousseau, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean Jacques
Rousseau, Jean Jacques- 18th century French author of the Social Contract, influential during the French Revolution. ...
Carnap, Rudolf Carnap, Rudolf
Carnap, Rudolf- Extensive article about his life and work, by Mauro Murzi. ...
Spinoza, Benedict Spinoza, Benedict
Spinoza, Benedict- 17th century pantheist, critic of Descartes. ...
Stephen, Leslie Stephen, Leslie
Stephen, Leslie- 19th century British academic. ...
Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach, Hans
Reichenbach, Hans- Leading German philosopher of science, and logical positivist. ...
Diderot, Denis Diderot, Denis
Diderot, Denis- The most prominent of the French Encyclopedists and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment. ...
Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy
Greek Philosophy- The philosophical currents of Ancient Greek philosophy are introduced, from the Presocratic philosophers through to Proclus. ...
Lucretius Lucretius
Lucretius- Roman poet and advocate of Epicurean philosophy. ...
Locke, John Locke, John
Locke, John- Article on the life and work of the influential philosopher. ...
Academy Academy
Academy- Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations. ...
Animals and Ethics Animals and Ethics
Animals and Ethics- Consideration of moral status of non-human animals. ...
Aquinas, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas
Aquinas, Thomas- The life and work of the major figure in scholastic philosophy. ...
Augustine Augustine
Augustine- Extensive article on the life and work of the 4th century ecclesiastical author. ...
Behaviorism Behaviorism
Behaviorism- Theory in philosophy of mind which maintains that talk of mental events should be translated into talk about observable behavior. ...
Bentham, Jeremy Bentham, Jeremy
Bentham, Jeremy- Extensive article on the 18th century 'founder' of utilitarianism. ...
Butler, Joseph Butler, Joseph
Butler, Joseph- 18th century icon of a highly intellectualized theology. ...
Chrysippus Chrysippus
Chrysippus- Prolific stoic of Soli, and disciple of Cleanthes. ...
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John Bolingbroke, Henry St. John
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John- 18th century Tory disciple of Locke. ...
Berkeley, George Berkeley, George
Berkeley, George- Influential 18th century Irish philosopher. ...
Evolution Evolution
Evolution- Introduces evolution through the ages, from the ancient Greeks, through Leibniz and Descartes to Darwin and Spencer. ...
Empedocles Empedocles
Empedocles- 5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism. ...
Epictetus Epictetus
Epictetus- Eminent Stoic philosopher, born as a slave at Hieropolis in Phyrgia in 55 CE. ...
Epicurus Epicurus
Epicurus- 4th century BCE materialist, empiricist, and hedonist. One of the major philosophers of the Hellenistic period. ...
Euclides Euclides
Euclides- 4th century BCE native of Megara, and founder of the Megarian or Eristic sect. ...
Emanation Emanation
Emanation- The theory that all derived or secondary things flow from the primary. ...
Egoism, Psychological and Ethical Egoism, Psychological and Ethical
Egoism, Psychological and Ethical- Maintains that the individual self is the motivating moral force and the end of moral action. ...
Eclecticism Eclecticism
Eclecticism- Group of ancient philosophers who sought to reach by selection the highest degree of probability in the search for truth. ...
Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich
Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich- Examines the poet's role in the development of German Idealism. ...
Husserl, Edmund Husserl, Edmund
Husserl, Edmund- Leader of the German phenomenological movement. ...
Chinese Room Argument Chinese Room Argument
Chinese Room Argument- John Searle's thought experiment is one of the best known counters to claims of artificial intelligence. ...
Active Powers Active Powers
Active Powers- The capacities of impulse and desire which lead to or determine human action, as described by 18th and 19th century Scottish common sense philosophy. ...
Anaximenes Anaximenes
Anaximenes- 5th century BCE Greek philosopher of Miletus who regarded 'air' as the primary form of body. ...
Anselm Anselm
Anselm- 11th century English prelate who developed views of atonement and satisfaction which are still held by orthodox theologians. ...
Bakhtin Circle Bakhtin Circle
Bakhtin Circle- School of Russian thought centered on the work of Bakhtin which focused on questions of signification in artistic creation. ...
Beccaria, Cesare Beccaria, Cesare
Beccaria, Cesare- 18th century aristocrat whose work 'On Crimes and Punishments (1764)' inspired reform in the Italian criminal justice system. ...
Caird, Edward Caird, Edward
Caird, Edward- Nineteenth century Scottish philosopher who was one of the key figures of the idealist movement that dominated British philosophy from 1870 until the mid 1920s. ...
Social Contract Theory Social Contract Theory
Social Contract Theory- View that morality is based on social agreements that serve the interests of those who make the agreement. ...
Davidson, Donald Davidson, Donald
Davidson, Donald- Introduction to one of the most significant philosophers concerned with philosophy of mind and action of the 20th/21st century. ...
Cudworth, Ralph Cudworth, Ralph
Cudworth, Ralph- 17th century 'Cambridge Platonist' who fought for preservation of religious ideals, including divine illumination. ...

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