Physics

Shapiro, Irwin I. Shapiro, Irwin I.- Wikipedia article about the American astrophysicist, one of the pioneers of solar-system tests of general relativity (Shapiro effect, deflection of light by gra… Poincaré, Henri (1854-1912) Poincaré, Henri (1854-1912)- Biographical sketch of the French physicist who developed many of the concepts of special relativity before Einstein's publication; from the MacTutor … Penrose, Roger (1931-) Penrose, Roger (1931-)- Biographical sketch of the British mathematician and physicist who developed the methods of global geometry, proved the first singularity theorem, invented… Nordström, Gunnar (1881-1923) Nordström, Gunnar (1881-1923)- Wikipedia article about the Finnish physicist, who developed a relativistic theory of gravity that was an early competitor of general relativity, an… Milne, Arthur (1896-1950) Milne, Arthur (1896-1950)- Biography of the British mathematician and astrophysicist who developed a kinematic model of cosmology based on special relativity; from the MacTutor Hi… Klein, Oskar (1894-1977) Klein, Oskar (1894-1977)- Biographical sketch of the Swedish chemist and physicist who was the first to introduce compactified ("rolled-up") dimensions into higher-dimensional ver… Kerr, Roy P. (1934-) Kerr, Roy P. (1934-)- Wikipedia article about the mathematician from New Zealand who found the first solutions of Einstein's equations to describe rotating black holes. Kaluza, Theodor (1885-1954) Kaluza, Theodor (1885-1954)- Biography of the German mathematician who was the first to introduce a higher-dimensional version of general relativity in an attempt to unify gravity… Israel, Werner (1931-) Israel, Werner (1931-)- Wikipedia article about the Canadian physicist, one of the pioneers of research on black holes (uniqueness theorems). Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001) Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001)- Biographical sketch of the physicist who contributed both to the steady-state models of cosmology and to calculations of the creation of light elements in… Hilbert, David (1862-1943) Hilbert, David (1862-1943)- Biographical sketch of the German mathematician who wrote down the first action principle for Einstein's general theory of relativity; from the MacTuto… Freundlich, Erwin (1885-1964) Freundlich, Erwin (1885-1964)- Biographical sketch of the German astronomer who worked with Einstein on the question of how to test the predictions of general relativity using ast… FitzGerald, George (1851-1901) FitzGerald, George (1851-1901)- Biographical sketch of the physicist who postulated relativistic length contraction before the publication of Einstein's special relativity; from t… Eddington, Arthur (1882-1944) Eddington, Arthur (1882-1944)- Biographical sketch of the English astrophysicist who performed the first observational test of the gravitational bending of light near the Sun; fro… Dicke, Robert H. (1916-1997) Dicke, Robert H. (1916-1997)- Wikipedia article about the American physicist who was involved in a number of observational tests of general relativity and who developed a generali… Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910-1995) Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1910-1995)- Biographical sketch of the Indian astrophysicist who was the first to model stellar stability using both relativity and quantum theory; fr… Carter, Brandon (1942-) Carter, Brandon (1942-)- Wikipedia article about the Australian physicist, one of the pioneers of black hole mechanics. Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916) Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916)- Biography of the German astronomer who was the first to find a non-trivial solution to Einstein's field equations (which we now know describes a b… Grossmann, Marcel (1878-1936) Grossmann, Marcel (1878-1936)- A brief biography the mathematician who, as his fellow student and friend, helped Einstein to understand the mathematical tools (mostly differential… Weyl, Hermann (1885-1955) Weyl, Hermann (1885-1955)- Brief biography of the German mathematician who made pioneering contribution to group theory and the concept of symmetry, and was one of the first to fo… Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909) Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)- Biographical sketch of the mathematician who was the first to develop the concept of spacetime as the geometric essence of special relativity (and … Lorentz, Hendrik (1853-1928) Lorentz, Hendrik (1853-1928)- Brief biography of the Dutch physicist who, before Einstein developed his special theory of relativity, developed much of that theory's formalism (Lo… Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853-1925) Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853-1925)- Brief biographical sketch of the mathematician who developed important mathematical tools (tensor calculus) that later would be used for for… Riemann, Bernhard (1826-1866) Riemann, Bernhard (1826-1866)- Brief biography of the mathematician who, before Einstein's birth, developed the geometrical tools that allowed Einstein and Großmann to formulate g… Friedmann, Aleksandr (1888-1925) Friedmann, Aleksandr (1888-1925)- Brief biography of the Russian mathematician who found the first expanding-universe cosmological solution of Einstein's equations; from the MacTu… De Sitter, Willem (1872-1934) De Sitter, Willem (1872-1934)- Brief biography of the Dutch astronomer who was one of the first to think about the theory's cosmological applications (de Sitter space); from the M… Bondi, Hermann (1919-2005) Bondi, Hermann (1919-2005)- Biography of the Austrian-born, British cosmologist whose name is associated with steady-state cosmology, Tolman-Bondi solutions, accretion onto black … General Relativity and Gravitation General Relativity and Gravitation- Journal published by Springer, devoted to articles on general relativity and its applications. Matters of gravity (1991-2006) Matters of gravity (1991-2006)- Newsletter of the American Physical Society's Topical Group on Gravity, published two times a year, which gives a highly informative overview of re… Classical and Quantum Gravity Classical and Quantum Gravity- A journal for physicists, mathematicians and cosmologists working in the fields of gravitation and the theory of spacetime (via IOP Publishing: Elec… General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology E-Print Archive General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology E-Print Archive- E-Print Archive "gr-qc" in which many articles about general relativity and related topics are published (in advance of p… Living Reviews in Relativity Living Reviews in Relativity- A peer-refereed, solely online physics journal publishing invited reviews covering all areas of relativity research. Published by the Max Planck Inst… Lost in Einstein's Shadow Lost in Einstein's Shadow- American Scientist magazine article describes the people whose work paved the way for the special theory of relativity. By Tony Rothman; also includes l… A Note on Relativity before Einstein A Note on Relativity before Einstein- The first presentation of the Lorentz transformations, including the crucial time dilation, belongs to Larmor (c. 1897). Eclipse Showed Gravity Vatiation Eclipse Showed Gravity Vatiation- New York Times article on the 1919 eclipse observations by two British expeditions, which confirmed the predictions of general relativity for lig… History of General Relativity History of General Relativity- Wikipedia article on the development of relativity. Includes sections about observational tests and alternative theories. Einstein, Nordström and the Early Demise of Scalar, Lorentz Covariant Theories of Gravitation Einstein, Nordström and the Early Demise of Scalar, Lorentz Covariant Theories of Gravitation- About the development of general relativity, Einstein's early rejection of Lorentz-c… Henri Poincaré and Relativity Theory Henri Poincaré and Relativity Theory- Identifies the contributions made to the special theory of relativity by Poincaré and argues that the theory "has been created not by A. Eins… Relativity Priority Dispute Relativity Priority Dispute- Wikipedia article about the various contributors to special and general relativity, and about the contentious questions of who has priority on the dif… History of Special Relativity History of Special Relativity- Wikipedia article on the genesis and development of special relativity and its precursors. Olinto De Pretto Olinto De Pretto- Wikipedia article about the Italian industrialist and claims that he published the famous formula E=mc² two years before Einstein did. History Topic: Special Relativity History Topic: Special Relativity- Concise summary of the history of special relativity, from Maxwell and Lorentz to Einstein; from the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive (Un… Einstein's Articles in "Annalen der Physik" Einstein's Articles in "Annalen der Physik"- Website by the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (Berlin) presenting the seminal articles on relativity and other subjec… History Topic: General Relativity History Topic: General Relativity- An outline of the development of the theory, including a summary of relevant earlier work (from Aristotle to Maxwell); from the MacTutor History… Einstein and Hilbert: The Creation of General Relativity Einstein and Hilbert: The Creation of General Relativity- Discusses the correspondence between the two, their priority dispute, and their amicable resolution of it. By Ivan T. Tod… Gravitational Wave Group Gravitational Wave Group- Members, research, thesis, proceedings, LCGT Project, information, and links. At the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo. Mission Design for LISA Pathfinder Mission Design for LISA Pathfinder- Article by M. Landgraf, M. Hechler and S. Kemble about the design of the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is meant to test the technology needed … Gravitational Waves Gravitational Waves- Collection of articles about various aspects of gravitational wave physics, from an overview of current and planned detectors to an illustration of the three-… Gravitational Radiation from Post-Newtonian Sources and Inspiralling Compact Binaries Gravitational Radiation from Post-Newtonian Sources and Inspiralling Compact Binaries- Review article by Luc Blanchet, published in Living Reviews in Relativity; describes (at the… Harry Collins's Gravitational Wave Project Harry Collins's Gravitational Wave Project- Website about a long-running project on sociological aspects of the search for gravitational waves (Cardiff University). Includes some …